Adams County, Idaho, is a rugged and scenic county located in the west-central part of the state, known for its rich natural resources and historical significance in the mining, agriculture, and lumber industries. Established in 1911, Adams County is named after John Adams, the second President of the United States. The region’s stunning mountains, rivers, and valleys have attracted settlers, miners, and adventurers since the late 19th century. Today, Adams County maintains a unique blend of history, small-town charm, and wilderness, drawing visitors for both its heritage and outdoor recreational opportunities.
Origins and Key Historical Events
Indigenous Peoples and Early Exploration
Before European and American explorers arrived, the area that would become Adams County was home to the Nez Perce and Shoshone tribes. These tribes inhabited the region’s river valleys and highlands, relying on fishing, hunting, and gathering for sustenance. The Weiser River was a key route for indigenous people, serving as a corridor for seasonal migrations and trade between tribes.
The Lewis and Clark Expedition of 1804-1806, along with later explorers and fur traders, brought the first non-Native presence to the area. Although Lewis and Clark did not enter present-day Adams County, their exploration opened the region to increased interest from fur traders and missionaries. By the early 19th century, fur trappers from the Hudson’s Bay Company had reached the region, contributing to the early maps and understanding of the area’s geography.
Formation of Adams County and Early Settlements (1911)
Adams County was officially established on March 3, 1911, when it was carved out of Washington County. The county’s creation was part of Idaho’s rapid development during the early 20th century, as local populations pushed for more manageable administrative regions. Council was chosen as the county seat due to its central location and growing community.
The early settlers of Adams County were primarily ranchers, farmers, and miners. Drawn by the rich mineral deposits and fertile land, they established small towns and communities. The county’s economy was initially supported by agriculture and livestock, with farms and ranches filling the fertile valleys. The area’s rich timber resources also led to the development of a strong lumber industry, with mills set up to process the abundant pine forests.
The Mining Boom
One of the most significant chapters in Adams County’s history was the mining boom of the late 19th and early 20th centuries. Gold was discovered in the nearby Seven Devils Mountains, which straddle Adams County and the Oregon border. Prospectors flocked to the area, setting up mining camps and small communities around the rich deposits. Copper, lead, and zinc were also mined in significant quantities, fueling growth and contributing to the region’s economy.
The mining boom brought a period of prosperity to Adams County, but it was also marked by the challenges of remote mountain mining. The rugged terrain and harsh winters made transportation and living conditions difficult, and many mining camps were eventually abandoned. However, the mining legacy remains an essential part of Adams County’s heritage, with remnants of mines and ghost towns still visible in the mountains today.
The Arrival of the Railroad
In the early 20th century, the arrival of the Pacific and Idaho Northern (PIN) Railroad was a transformative event for Adams County. The railroad connected the town of Council to Weiser and ultimately to the main lines, facilitating the movement of goods, timber, and people. This new connectivity allowed the region to expand its economic activities, particularly in agriculture and logging, as products could be transported more efficiently to larger markets.
The railroad’s arrival spurred growth in communities like New Meadows, which became a bustling center of commerce and transportation. By providing access to remote areas of Adams County, the railroad played a critical role in shaping the county’s economy and population growth.
Lumber and Agriculture
As the mining industry declined in the early 20th century, lumber and agriculture emerged as the dominant economic forces in Adams County. The extensive pine forests supported a thriving logging industry, with sawmills operating in towns like New Meadows and Council. Timber remained a central part of the county’s economy for much of the 20th century, providing employment and economic stability.
In addition to logging, Adams County became known for its agricultural production. The Weiser River Valley’s fertile soil was ideal for farming, with crops such as potatoes, wheat, and alfalfa being cultivated. Livestock ranching, particularly cattle and sheep, was also a significant part of the county’s economy, with ranches dotting the landscape and becoming integral to the local culture.
Modern Developments and Tourism
In recent decades, Adams County has seen a shift towards tourism and outdoor recreation as important economic drivers. The region’s natural beauty, including mountains, rivers, and forests, attracts visitors interested in hiking, fishing, camping, and winter sports. New Meadows has become a popular destination due to its proximity to the Payette National Forest and Brundage Mountain Resort, a major ski destination.
Today, Adams County balances its historical industries with the growing tourism sector, preserving its heritage while promoting recreation and conservation. The county’s small towns continue to serve as centers of community life, maintaining the traditions and values that have defined Adams County for over a century.
Historical Sites in Adams County
1. Council Valley Museum
Overview: Located in Council, the Council Valley Museum showcases the history of Adams County and its communities. The museum features exhibits on local history, including artifacts from the early pioneers, Native American items, mining tools, and photographs that depict life in the area during the late 19th and early 20th centuries. The museum is housed in a historic building, offering visitors an immersive experience into Adams County’s past.
Location: 102 S. Galena St., Council, ID
Ticket Price: $3 for adults, $1 for children under 12.
Parking Information: Free street parking available around the museum.
2. Meadows Valley Historical Museum
Overview: The Meadows Valley Historical Museum, located in New Meadows, explores the history of the logging, mining, and railroad industries that shaped Adams County. The museum is dedicated to preserving the heritage of Meadows Valley, with exhibits on early settlers, logging equipment, and the impact of the Pacific and Idaho Northern Railroad. The museum also includes artifacts from the Native American tribes who first inhabited the region.
Location: 306 S. Commercial Ave., New Meadows, ID
Ticket Price: $4 for adults, $2 for seniors and students, free for children under 6.
Parking Information: Free on-site parking available.
3. Historic Pacific and Idaho Northern Railroad Depot
Overview: The Historic Pacific and Idaho Northern Railroad Depot in New Meadows is a beautifully restored railway station that played a central role in Adams County’s development. Built in 1910, the depot is a fine example of early 20th-century architecture and served as a transportation hub for both goods and passengers. Today, the depot operates as a historical site and community center, offering visitors a glimpse into the area’s railroad history.
Location: 200 S. Commercial Ave., New Meadows, ID
Ticket Price: Free entry; donations appreciated.
Parking Information: Parking available on-site.
4. Brundage Mountain Resort
Overview: While not a traditional historical site, Brundage Mountain Resort has been a staple of Adams County’s outdoor recreation since it opened in 1961. Known for its excellent skiing conditions and family-friendly atmosphere, Brundage has contributed to the region’s tourism industry. In addition to winter sports, the resort offers hiking, mountain biking, and scenic chairlift rides in the summer, making it a year-round destination.
Location: 3890 Goose Lake Rd., New Meadows, ID
Ticket Price: Prices vary by activity; lift tickets for skiing start at $60.
Parking Information: Ample free parking available at the resort.
5. Zims Hot Springs
Overview: Located near New Meadows, Zims Hot Springs is a natural hot spring that has been a popular attraction for generations. Originally frequented by Native Americans for its therapeutic waters, Zims offers both indoor and outdoor pools for visitors. The hot springs are a relaxing destination, surrounded by scenic views of Meadows Valley and the mountains.
Location: 2995 Zims Rd., New Meadows, ID
Ticket Price: $10 for adults, $8 for seniors and children under 12.
Parking Information: Free parking available on-site.
6. Hells Canyon National Recreation Area
Overview: Part of the Hells Canyon National Recreation Area, which spans Idaho and Oregon, is located within Adams County. Hells Canyon is North America’s deepest river gorge, carved by the Snake River and featuring stunning landscapes, wildlife, and recreational opportunities. Visitors can explore hiking trails, scenic overlooks, and enjoy activities like fishing, rafting, and camping. The area’s history includes ancient Native American sites, old mining cabins, and remnants of early homesteads.
Location: Accessed via U.S. Forest Service Roads; various entry points around Adams County.
Ticket Price: Free entry; fees may apply for camping or permits.
Parking Information: Parking areas available at trailheads and visitor centers.
County Facts
Geography and Climate
Adams County is located in west-central Idaho, characterized by diverse landscapes that include mountainous regions, river valleys, and dense forests. The county is bordered by the Seven Devils Mountains to the west and Payette National Forest to the east. The Weiser River runs through the county, providing water for agriculture and scenic beauty. Adams County experiences a high-desert climate in the valley areas, with cold, snowy winters and hot, dry summers. The higher elevations, such as those around Brundage Mountain, receive significant snowfall, making them ideal for winter sports.
Quick Facts
- Year Founded: 1911
- County Seat: Council
- Population: Approximately 4,300
- Population Density: Around 3 people per square mile
- Largest Cities: Council, New Meadows
- Major Highways: U.S. Route 95, Idaho State Highway 55
- Adjacent Counties: Idaho County (north), Valley County (east), Washington County (south), Baker County, Oregon (west)