Adair County, located in northeastern Oklahoma, is a region with a history deeply rooted in Native American culture, frontier development, and the impact of railroad expansion. Established in 1907 with Oklahoma’s statehood, the county’s population and economy have been significantly shaped by the presence of the Cherokee Nation, whose members largely populate the area. Named after the prominent Cherokee Adair family, the county evolved from a largely rural, agriculturally-based community into a vital center for cultural heritage and historical preservation. With numerous historical sites, Adair County offers insights into the unique blend of Native American history and frontier-era development.
Origins of Adair County
Native American Influence and the Cherokee Nation
Before becoming part of Oklahoma, the land that now comprises Adair County was long inhabited by various Native American tribes, including the Cherokee. The Cherokee people were forcibly relocated from their original homelands in the southeastern United States to Indian Territory during the 1830s, a tragic chapter known as the Trail of Tears. This forced migration ended in present-day Oklahoma, and many Cherokee settled in what is now Adair County.
The county is named after the influential Adair family, notable Cherokee leaders who played an integral role in the community’s development. Adair County’s boundaries align with the historic Cherokee Nation, and its establishment at Oklahoma statehood in 1907 reflects the blend of Native American and U.S. government influence.
Early Development and Agricultural Roots
Throughout the late 19th and early 20th centuries, Adair County’s economy was heavily agricultural. Many Cherokee families and other settlers cultivated crops such as corn, wheat, and cotton, and the fertile soil along the Illinois River was ideal for farming. As settlement grew, the establishment of the St. Louis and San Francisco Railway in the early 20th century provided a boost to local industry, facilitating trade and economic connections with neighboring areas.
Key Historical Events in Adair County
Several significant events throughout the history of Adair County have shaped its development, including the arrival of the railroad, political movements within the Cherokee Nation, and natural disasters that tested the community’s resilience.
The Arrival of the Railroad (1902)
One of the most transformative events in Adair County’s early history was the arrival of the St. Louis and San Francisco Railway in 1902. The railway connected Adair County with major markets, allowing local farmers to ship their goods across the region. The establishment of rail lines through the town of Stilwell, which became the county seat, encouraged population growth and brought new business opportunities. Stilwell, situated strategically along the railway, soon became a commercial hub for northeastern Oklahoma.
Statehood and Formation of Adair County (1907)
The year 1907 marked Oklahoma’s admission as the 46th state in the Union, and Adair County was officially formed at this time. The county’s creation signified a blending of U.S. government influence with the unique Cherokee heritage of the region. Stilwell was designated as the county seat, and the establishment of local governance helped streamline community services, law enforcement, and infrastructure.
The Strawberry Festival Tradition (1948–Present)
In 1948, Adair County held its first Strawberry Festival in Stilwell, celebrating one of the county’s most significant crops. The festival, which quickly became an annual tradition, celebrates the region’s strawberry farming heritage and includes a parade, live music, and community activities. Recognized as the “Strawberry Capital of the World” for its high-quality strawberries, Stilwell and Adair County continue to attract visitors for this event each spring.
The May 3, 1999, Tornado
Adair County has experienced its share of natural disasters, but one of the most significant was the tornado on May 3, 1999. This powerful storm impacted northeastern Oklahoma, including Adair County, causing substantial property damage and affecting local farms and homes. The event reinforced the importance of emergency preparedness in the region and inspired improvements in local infrastructure.
Historical Sites in Adair County
Adair County is home to several notable historical sites that highlight its Cherokee heritage and historical significance. These sites offer visitors a chance to explore the county’s history and learn about its unique cultural landscape.
Cherokee Nation Heritage Center
Overview
Located in nearby Park Hill, Oklahoma, the Cherokee Nation Heritage Center is a significant cultural institution dedicated to preserving and promoting Cherokee history and culture. The center offers various exhibits on Cherokee life, art, and history, including a replica of a 1710 Cherokee village. The center also commemorates the Trail of Tears, providing educational exhibits about this crucial part of Cherokee and American history.
Location
21192 S Keeler Drive, Park Hill, Oklahoma (approximately 20 miles from Adair County).
Ticket Price
Admission is $12 for adults, $10 for seniors, and $7 for children ages 4–12. Children under 4 are free.
Parking Information
Free parking is available on-site.
Stilwell Strawberry Capital Mural
Overview
Located in downtown Stilwell, this mural celebrates Adair County’s status as the “Strawberry Capital of the World.” The mural is part of the town’s commitment to promoting its agricultural heritage and pays tribute to the annual Strawberry Festival. The colorful artwork is a popular stop for visitors and offers an excellent opportunity for photos and learning about the county’s agricultural significance.
Location
Downtown Stilwell, near Main Street.
Ticket Price
Free to visit.
Parking Information
Street parking is available near the mural site.
Dwight Mission Historic Site
Overview
The Dwight Mission, founded in 1828, is one of the oldest mission sites west of the Mississippi River. Originally established by the Presbyterian Church to educate Cherokee children, the mission served as a boarding school for nearly a century. Today, the Dwight Mission Historic Site offers tours of its historic buildings and grounds, as well as exhibits on its educational and cultural contributions to the Cherokee community.
Location
Located near Marble City, Oklahoma (approximately 10 miles from Adair County).
Ticket Price
Admission is $5 for adults, $3 for children, and free for seniors over 65.
Parking Information
Free parking is available on-site.
Adair County Courthouse
Overview
Built in 1920, the Adair County Courthouse in Stilwell is a historic building reflecting early 20th-century architectural styles. The courthouse is still in operation and serves as the center of county government. Visitors can tour the courthouse, admire its historic design, and learn more about Adair County’s legal history.
Location
220 W Division Street, Stilwell, Oklahoma.
Ticket Price
Free admission.
Parking Information
Free street parking is available around the courthouse.
County Facts About Adair
Geography and Climate
Adair County covers an area of approximately 577 square miles in northeastern Oklahoma and is characterized by its rolling hills, rivers, and lush forests. The Illinois River and Baron Fork Creek are two major water bodies in the area, providing scenic natural landscapes as well as recreational activities like fishing and boating. Adair County’s climate is classified as humid subtropical, with hot, humid summers and mild winters. Average summer temperatures reach the high 80s °F, while winter temperatures generally stay above freezing, although occasional snowfall occurs.
Key Facts at a Glance
- Year Founded: 1907
- County Seat: Stilwell
- Population: Approximately 22,000 (as of the 2020 census)
- Population Density: Around 38 people per square mile
- Largest Cities: Stilwell, Watts, Westville
- Major Highways: U.S. Route 59, U.S. Route 62, Oklahoma State Highway 51
- Adjacent Counties:
- Cherokee County (west)
- Sequoyah County (southwest)
- Delaware County (north)
- Benton County, Arkansas (east)